Chlorine in Drinking Water

Chlorine is a chemical commonly used to disinfect drinking water and make it safe for human consumption. It is effective in killing bacteria and other microorganisms that can cause waterborne illnesses. Chlorine is also used to reduce the taste and odor of water, and to prevent the growth of algae and other aquatic organisms. While chlorine is generally safe for human consumption, it can cause health problems if consumed in large amounts.

What is chlorine?

Chlorine is one of the most reactive chemical elements. It reacts with many compounds and almost all elements. Bound forms of chlorine are, for example, the chlorides. Elemental chlorine is gaseous, has a yellow-green colour and a pungent odour. Due to its high reactivity, pure chlorine occurs relatively rarely in nature and is usually detected in drinking water in the form of chloride. Because it is versatile, chlorine is one of the most industrially produced chemicals.

How does chlorine get into drinking water?

Due to its disinfecting effect, chlorine is often used to purify water. The slightly perceptible smell of chlorine in public swimming pools is well known. For hygienic reasons, constant disinfection of the water is indispensable here in order to permanently eliminate dangerous intestinal bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

What are the consequences of chlorine in drinking water?

When water is chlorinated, hypochlorite is produced, the disinfecting effect of which is used in water treatment. However, chlorine also reacts with other components in the water. This produces substances that are toxic and sometimes even carcinogenic. There is a particular danger for pregnant women, babies and small children. This can lead to brain disorders, malformations and miscarriages.

Who is responsible for chlorine in drinking water?

If the municipal utility decides to disinfect the water in an area for a given reason, it does so with a low dosage. Care is taken to ensure that the water does not subsequently exceed the limit values of the Drinking Water Ordinance.